LINE FOLLOWING ROBOT

Introduction

This robot is capable of following a black line on a white background and a white line on a black background.

It is mainly made using the parts specified below, where the infrared sensor senses the floor for black/white lines and then passes the information’s to the micro controller, which controls the motors of the robot appropriately, thus following the line.

Parts required 

• Micro controller-Arduino Uno

• Motor shield- Adafruit (L293D)

• Infrared sensor (Pololu)

• Gear motor with wheel 

• Omni wheel 

• Connecting wires

• Batteries 

Description of the robot

The infrared sensor emits IR rays. These rays are reflected and received by the sensor. The intensity of the reflected rays are sent to the micro controller, which uses this information to determine the colour of the line.

The micro controller has the program code. It receives continuous information from the sensors and compares these data with the preset values. If the robot is aligned straight on the line, the robot keeps moving or else a pulse is sent to the motor shield to align the robot straight on the line. The motor shield decreases/increases the power supplied to the motors accordingly to align the robot straight on the line. For instance if a left turn is needed, the power of left motor decreases and right motor increases, so a left turn is made.

In this way the robot continuously moves, following the line.

Improvements to be done 

• Fixing a carriage & an arm to transport things.
• Fixing a solar panel to provide free energy for the robot.

Video